Important english

Why is sport important children? The Ottawa Cltlzen Straight Talk About Children And Sport hlldren have to be active every day. Physical activity stimulates growth and leads to Improved physical and emotional health. Today, research shows that the Importance ot physical activity in children is stronger than ever. For example, medical researchers have observed that highly active children are less likely to suffer from high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer of the colon, obesity, and coronary heart isease later in life.Exercise is also known to relieve stress Some children experience as much stress, depression, and anxiety as adults do. And because exercise Improves health, a fit child Is more likely to be well-rested and mentally sharp. Even moderate physical activity has been shown to Improve a child's skill at arithmetic, reading, and memorization. But sport, not just exercise, gives a child more than just physical well-being; it contributes toa child's development both psychological ly and socially.Sport psychologist Dr. Glyn Roberts of the University of Illinois has worked primarily in children's sport for the last two decades. He emphasizes that sport is an important learning environment for children. â€Å"Sport can affect a child's development of self-esteem and self-worth,† explains Roberts. â€Å"It Is also wlthln sport that peer status and peer acceptance Is established and developed. † One way children gain acceptance by their peers is to be good at activities valued by other children, says Roberts.Research shows that children would rather play sports than do anything else. A study conducted in the united States showed that high school boys and girls would rather be better at sports than in academic subjects. The same study showed that high school boys would rather fall in class than be Incompetent on the playing field. Because sport Is Important to children, being good at sports Is a strong social asset. Young boys in particular use sport s and games to measure themselves against their riends.Children who are competent at sports are more easily accepted by children of their own age. and are more likely to be team captains and group leaders. Such children usually have better social skills. The primary goal of parents and coaches is to help children find the success in sport they need to make them feel valued and ‘ Of2 wanted. Every cn110 can De successTul at one spo the sports that are right for each child. 3 Children and Sport: An Introduction rt or anotn tne time to Tina

Building Effective Teams & Managers and leaders

Whether we like it or not, there are always poor performers in any type of team or organization. These are employees or team members who do not meet the standards set by the organization. Commonly, poor performing employees are those who belong to Quartile Four when employees are force-ranked. Most managers and leaders agree that it’s not easy dealing with poor performers. As Levinson (2003) said, â€Å"it’s a wrenching task, but you have to face up to the need to confront poor performers, and either fix their shortcomings or fire them.  Ã¢â‚¬ Poor performers, no matter how small in number they may be, still have a big impact in the performance of the whole team or organization. As the HR Manager of the company, I would advise each member of the team to help one another in their tasks and job responsibilities. If the team members notice that there are poor performers among them, they should take immediate action by working with these people and talking to them. Havi ng a good peer-to-peer conversation may reveal the issues that the employee is facing, thus, affecting his/her performance at work. This can help getting to the root cause of the problem and help the member solve it.Team members who are not performing well tend to share their problems and open up more easily with their peers than with their supervisor or manager. Poor performers can also be identified through feedback from peers and, if applicable, customers. The customers are the people who can see the outputs of the employee or member’s work. If it is unsatisfactory to the customer, then the employee must not be performing well. Peers are good sources of feedback when it comes to how the employee or team member really works when the boss is not around. The employee’s co-workers are the people s/he gets to work with day in and day out.They are the ones who can immediately see where the employee is good at and where he is not. Thus, these people can better provide the data and the tools to determine the poor performers in the team or organization. Though co-workers may contribute to the improvement of a poor performer, still, the best person who could talk to the person and give relevant advices is the immediate superior. The member’s immediate superior would know the areas where s/he needs more improvement. Thus, the superior can give better advice pertaining to these areas and how to better improve on them.The immediate superior can also give suggestions on some actions the member needs to do in order to improve on the areas identified. Coaching and mentoring are the key techniques in handling poor performers. Constant monitoring of the employee’s performance and regular coaching would do a lot of help in the improvement of the employee. People think that coaching is a negative thing when it is actually the opposite. Coaching provides a venue for both the employee and supervisor to talk about each other’s performance (Yes, employees get to speak to! ).However, if several coaching have already been done and all other mentoring techniques and help are also tried but the performance of the employee remains the same, it will be best for both parties for the employee to just say goodbye. The job may just not really be for him/her. References Levinson, M. (2003, November 1). How to Find, Fix or Fire Your Poor Performers. CIO Magazine. Retrieved August 1, 2006 from http://www. cio. com/archive/110103/poor. html Time to Stop Tolerating Poor Performers. (2006, February 26). The Sunday Times. Retrieved August 1, 2006 from http://www. timesonline. co. uk/article/0,,8543-2057887_1,00. html

Fight Club Essay

The 1999 film, Fight Club, is controversial in the sense that it can be interpreted at a superfluity of angles. However, the effectiveness of the final scene to reflect the narrator’s catharsis is indisputable as it is accompanied by the song â€Å"Where is My Mind† by The Pixies. The song itself is vital to the ending scene and ultimately the entire film. The lyrics are significant to the narrator’s inner turmoil, not only throughout the film, but also at the concluding moment and the auditory elements parallel the events and emotions of the concluding scene. Fight Club centers around an unnamed narrator who projects his unconscious identity as a separate character, Tyler Durdin. Tyler frees the narrator from his former pretenses of life regarding society through self destruction. The narrator burns his house, quits his job, and beings to live recklessly, seemingly by coincidence. He subconsciously rids himself of all worldly possessions. Together, Tyler and the narrator form Fight Club – an underground group that thrives on destruction of themselves and government establishments. As the narrator gets weaker and less powerful, Tyler gets stronger and better looking, symbolizing his strengthening id. Towards the end of the film, the narrator comes to the realization that he is Tyler. The ending scene puts the narrator and Marla, a woman with whom he has an on again-off again relationship, at the highest story of a city building, holding hands and watching the city collapse around them. The music as it appears in the final scene is essential to the conclusion of the film The lyrics, â€Å"where is my mind,† plays at the very closing moment. The words reflect the state of the character’s mind during the entire film and especially at the final scene. As he rids himself of all superficiality and society’s values, he is freed from his dangerous alter ego and his apparent schizophrenia and left with an open mind. â€Å"Where is my mind,† speaks to the separation between his conscious and subconscious into two people as well as his newfound freedom from materiality. The narrator experiences a â€Å"rebirth† from his prior lifestyle into pure existentialism, a state of being where he is now able to award meaning to his life, rather than society assigning meaning. The auditory elements of the song run parallel to the occurrences of the concluding scene. The song features loud, aggressive, and disharmonic music which is comparable to the city’s crashing buildings and demolition. There is a melodic undertone of chorus voices singing which is reflective of the narrator and Marla’s calmness and almost happiness, it seems, during the outside devastation.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Human Resource Management - Essay Example In fact now a debate has started whether the concept of 'managing diversity; forms an alternative to 'equal opportunities' based on gender bias. In the UK, human resource practitioners and academics alike are becoming more aware of the emergence of managing diversity. There is now a view that, after twenty years of the ' stick' of legal compliance (which has achieved little), the 'carrot' of underpinning the business case for equal opportunities will perhaps achieve more (Dickens 1994). Thomas1 (2000) argues that, with the growing number of mergers and acquisitions, workforce diversity will become more of a priority for organizations and, therefore, in the future, people will become clearer on what diversity is and how to manage it. The business case for managing diversity therefore offers a way to operate equal opportunities as a strategic issue, a core value linked to organizational competitiveness (Dickens 1994). Diversity not only comes in the form of culture and values, but it also consists of several other visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as sex, race, age, background, culture, disability, personality and work-style. Harnessing these differences is bound to create a productive environment in which everybody feels valued, their talents are fully utilized and organizational goals are met. Considering these factors, the underlying philosophy of managing diversity tends to imply that an organization can gain massive competitive advantage, resulting in enhanced performance with the help of a satisfied human capital. It rests on the premise that the organization will be able to serve increasingly diverse customers, meet increasingly complex business and management problems by actively seeking and managing a diverse workforce (Stephenson and Lewis 1996; Cox 1991). In the era of globalization, when MNCs prefer to take advantage of multi-location facilities, lower costs of production, expertise from the world over, diversity is bound to be there at the workplace. It is for the organization to manage the diversity by recognizing, appreciating, valuing, encouraging and utilizing the unique talents and contributions of individuals from across a wider spectrum of society. But circumstances sometimes create peculiar conditions which brings to the fore the inherent weaknesses prevalent in our society. There are rules and regulations which provide broad guidelines for keeping a delicate balance in dealing with such matters so that mutual harmony is maintained amongst the workforce. The world is a rich and diverse place, full of interesting cultures and people who should be treated with respect. Skirmishes arising out of 'discriminatory' behavior often result in tensions amongst colleagues. Though there are federal laws in place, but it is the human cha racter and nature which has to do the implementation part. In coming years this problem is bound to come out with many more challenging situations for MNCs. These corporations are supposed to foresee some such circumstances and then come out with suitable strategies to handle the issues. Therefore, the topic appears quite appropriate to

Fitness and Wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fitness and Wellness - Essay Example If the body is healthy, it follows that the mind is healthy as well and will become more capable to engage in things that requires comprehensive thinking. Having a healthy mind and body has also the psychological benefit of feeling good about oneself knowing that we are fit. It enhances our self-esteem and makes us more confident about ourselves and life in general. The most obvious and immediate benefit of being healthy is wellness. Wellness meant that we are free from any sickness that render us sick, weak or lethargic. Being well meant that we feel great about our body and are ready to face and enjoy the challenges of life. For us to become well, healthy and fit, we have to eat right first. We have to feed our body foods that keeps and make it healthy and strong. If we feed our body with the wrong food, it will naturally get week because it does not have the necessary food to keep itself healthy. Eating healthy meant eating more fruits, vegetables and cereals and less meat and fatty foods. Fruits does not only taste good but they are nutritious as well. Vegetables on the other hand are also nutritious, fiberous and many are even considered medicinal that prevents and heals the body from getting sick. Cereals gives us the energy to do the things that we like doing. Meats may taste good but they should be minimized because they are unhealthy. They are unhealthy because they are fatty and high in cholesterol that shoots up our blood pressure and gives us heart attack. We also have to exercise to keep ourselves fit. There are a lot of ways to keep ourselves fit. We just have to be creative. A lot of people excuse themselves in not being fit because they do not have the time to exercise because of their busy schedule or that they are bored with it. We should not excuse ourselves if we want to be well, fit and healthy. One of the effective ways to overcome boredom in working out is

Operations Management wk5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations Management wk5 - Assignment Example On the other hand, in the stable workforce strategy, the output is varied by changing the work hours through flexible work arrangements. In the level strategy, a stable workforce which works at a constant output rate is maintained. According to Chase, et al. the â€Å"shortages and surpluses are absorbed by fluctuating inventory levels, order backlogs, and lost sales† (2005). Since production planning strategies involve demand forecasting, production planning and work scheduling, an activity where it can be applicable is in buying groceries. One must have an idea of his needs either for the week or month, depending on how often one goes to the grocery. He has to know his level of consumption of grocery items for a certain period of time to ascertain how many of such items he will buy. My organization is a T-shirt manufacturing firm. The material requirements planning systems (MRPs) are used in our organization. First, we get orders from customers and forward these data to the production department. The production department then comes up with a production schedule to meet delivery requirements. The purchasing department is also furnished a copy of the data on the orders to determine the amount of raw materials to order. The company has a bill of materials on hand which gives information on the amount of materials needed to produce the goods ordered. My company also makes use of an inventory record file which is always kept updated An advantage of the MRP is that the company is able to closely monitor and manage its inventory of raw materials and finished goods. The bill of materials makes it easier to specify the amount of raw materials needed to complete the orders. The major drawback of the MRP is that it requires accurate data. Another disadvantage of the MRP is that it only considers the materials and not the production capacity nor the conditions in the work area. An interesting fact on MRP that can be mentioned is that one is able to

Stasi Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stasi Football - Essay Example Throughout the course of history mankind has seemingly been guided by a sense of competition. Overtime, however, competition has evolved from a sense of survival to a source of pride and achievement. Even though cultures from all across the world have differing values and even languages, having a competitive nature is a value of the human spirit that can connect us all. Through the development of organizations such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Association of Football Federation (FIFA), platforms were created to connect people internationally in innocuous sporting competitions. The growth of nations competing in sport amongst each other brought with it the ability for countries express their national pride. In Germany’s case, post World War II, sporting spectacles such as these were significantly important in the rekindling of a sense of national identity. The power of sport was epitomized in the 1954 FIFA World Cup Final in which the heavi ly favored Hungarian soccer team lost to West Germany’s national team. The symbolic victory, which became known as the â€Å"Miracle of Berne†, evoked a surge of euphoria all over West Germany. Not only did this victory lift up a nation that had been both economically and spiritually shattered by the war, but also it caused the sport to become a fixated symbol in West German culture.

The Criticism against New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Criticism against New York City - Essay Example These include hygiene and health issues, overcrowding, crime, poverty, ethnic conflict, and abysmal housing conditions, particularly in the tenements. A study of the criticisms about the city and the grounds on which it is based is very illuminating. The problem of cleanliness has plagued New York City throughout its history and its association with filth remains to this day. Steinbeck said "New York is an ugly city, a dirty city".1 At one time, it was so dirty, pigs made the city their home and roamed the streets freely. Charles Dickens in his American Notes (1842), 2 gives a humorous account of the "gentlemen hogs" as the city's self - appointed scavengers and contributors of filth and disease. In addition to the disgraceful lack of cleanliness, the city did not have an adequate garbage disposal or sewer system. Therefore the city was susceptible to the attack of infectious diseases. New York has found itself in the grip of epidemic disease more often than it would care to remember. In the words of Lankevich, "Yellow fever visited the city five times between 1795 and 1822, and in 1832, a new strain of cholera swept into New York. Cholera reappeared in 1834, 1849, and 1855, typhoid fever ravaged the immigrants in 1837, and typhus erupted in 1842".3 Frances Trollope in her Domestic Manners of the Americans remarked on the queer practice New Yorkers had of fleeing the city in particular seasons in order to escape the dreaded plague. Over the years as the situation became increasingly serious and disease continued to ravage the city and its populace, public officials and the citizens themselves did everything they could to improve living conditions. Consequently there was considerable improvement in cleanliness levels and killer diseases were kept at bay. It is the general opinion that New York has failed to resolve its hygiene issues to this very day. Most critics insist that the city has not risen to the challenge of sanitation. They point to the slums which remain cesspools of dirt and disease, as evidence to support their claim. Moreover the city continues to wrestle with health issues, particularly the problem of communicable diseases. While diseases like cholera and typhoid have been effectively controlled thanks to the intervention of modern medical science, more threatening diseases like Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have emerged to plague the populace. At one time it was considered to be hardly a cause for alarm as it was believed to be restricted exclusively to the homosexual community. Statistics however tell a different story of the rapid spread of AIDS in epidemic proportions. Greenfield and Reid state, "New York City ranks number one in the country when it comes to its rate of AIDS cases per population - and has more cases than the four runner - up cities combined".4 Truly a shocking state of affairs! From hordes of swine to deadly viruses the city continues to struggle with hygiene and disease. In the face of things, hygiene and disease seem miniscule issues when compared to the problems that have stemmed from the city's rapidly increasing population. New York City has thrown open its gates to immigrants of various ethnic backgrounds. Russians, Germans, Irish, Jews and Asians have thronged to its shores

Geomorphology Lab 3 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geomorphology 3 - Lab Report Example Further, a model for predicting age can be succinctly tested based on weathering degree. The class split into three groups and recorded the varying degrees of weathering for different tombstones at the Murray Cemetry. The characteristics of the 20 tombstones were recorded by each group. The characteristics recorded for each tombstone include height, width, length, name, thickness at bottom and thickness at top, texture, lithology, tilt and visual weathering class. The data obtained were entered into an excel spreadsheet as shown in the result section. As shown in the above the graph, with the help of a best fit line, there is a general trend observed between weathering class and age. A positive gradient indicates that there is a positive relationship between the two and as the age increases so does the weathering class of tombstone increases. As shown in the graph, there is a general trend between weathering class and height of the tombstone. The equation gives a positive gradient, showing that as the height increases there is a positive effect on the weathering class. The weathering class increases with increase in height. A line of best fit, as shown in the graph, indicates that there is a considerable relationship between weathering class and length. The graph shows that an increase observed in length leads to an increase in weathering class. The positive gradient shows that there is a positive relationship between the two. The results obtained were able to support the initially listed hypotheses. For age, there was observed consistency in its relationship with weathering class as shown in the graph. Hence, from the methodology used, the hypothesis â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering is related to tombstone age† is sufficiently supported because there was observed consistency with a positive gradient. The results supported hypothesis two which stated that â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering relies on the height of the tombstone† given

Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Property - Essay Example It is in this scenario that the concept of property development & management comes into the picture, which provides the developer with a rigid framework for the effective development of a property. The present report will evaluate the viability of developing a small office site in a suburban London town location. All along, the report will concentrate on the information gathered on the property and will attempt to assess the viability of developing the property based on a series of valuations, funding proposals and elevations of the completed scheme. The report will initially consider, outline and assess the various important factors that will influence the decision to build and develop the property. The report therefore, would emphasize on planning the development of the property in the context of urban development, construction, quantity surveying, and design & property development. The report would then list out all the factors governing the development of the small office site and would proceed with discussing the development appraisal that was initiated as a major constituent of the property development scheme and will also model the cash flow involved. Therefore, the report would evaluate the viability of the small office site property development proposal on the whole. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPERTY The concept of property development especially with regards to commercial spaces has been a subject of constant debate and a plethora of literature is available in this regard. Among the literature available, major topics of discussion have been focusing on evaluating commercial property sites on the basis of nearness to the target customer base & urban centres, location of transport facilities, the government legislation and the political situation etc. The current section will aim to outline the basic set of factors that were currently prevalent at the small office cite in suburban London.The first and the foremost factor that influenced the development of the small office site were the availability of the land, and the presence of other critical facilities. Even though the land was available, it was important to assess whether the quality of the soil was good enough for construction purposes. A civil engineer who conducted surveys of the land and certified that the proposed site was suitable evaluated the land. In addition it was also important to determine the nearness of the property to hotels and cafeterias for the purposes of the employees who would be working in the office site. It was additionally important to determine the availability of drinking water in the area. Fortunately, the area was quite populated and as such, both these needs were not a problem at all. The area was abundant with hotels and the local water department ensured a constant supply of clean drinking water. Thus, the prime concern under the property development scheme was to assess the proposed site for its physical suitability for development.The next major consideration under this was to dig into the legal restrictions of the area. This was important as certain areas had a different pattern of construction norms and adhering to the law of the land was extremely important. For this, the help

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research paper - Essay Example Children can steal for a variety of reasons like poverty, lack of parental guidance, and bad family culture. For a child that steals, there are certain roles and responsibilities of the parents and teachers. With mutual effort, parents and teachers can guide the child’s behavior so that they do not steal. It is important to differentiate between children and adults when punishment is being decided for the crime of stealing. â€Å"Your child is probably not evil or destined for life in prison† (familyeducation, 2012). Children need to be dealt with much more carefully and strategically because they have a lot of room for improvement. Reasons why children steal Children can steal for different reasons that may include but are not limited to poverty, lack of guidance, and culture. Poverty Poverty is the biggest cause of stealing among children. Children steal something when they do not get it granted to them by legitimate means. The legitimate means for a child are parents or the caregivers. Parents generally do try their best to provide everything for their children but sometimes they cannot because of which children are tempted to steal. Lack of guidance Many children lack parental guidance. Every day, so many babies are born to unmarried mothers in their teenage. As single parent, the mother cannot spend enough time with the child because she has to take care of her studies and work. The child remains alone most of the day. Even the grandparents cannot look after the child the way a parent does. â€Å"School-age kids usually know they're not supposed to take something without paying, but they might do so anyway because they lack enough self-control† (KidsHealth, 2012). The child attempts to steal. When nobody forbids, it becomes child’s habit. Family culture Every family has its own culture. In certain families, stealing is not discouraged because the parents themselves are thieves and criminals. They inculcate the same values in the ir children. In such cases, children adopt the habit of stealing from the parents. Miscellaneous reasons According to the Hudson Valley Parent Magazine (2012), children steal either to address a need like lack of attention, affection, or love from parents or because they have gained approval for stealing directly or indirectly or the children want to attack the parents by causing them embarrassment with their behavior. Guiding children’s behavior Parents’ role It is fundamentally the parents’ duty to guide their children towards the right path. Parents that find that their child steals should first teach the child with patience and love not to steal. Parents should tell what the consequences of stealing are and why it is considered a sin in the religion and a crime in the law. Most probably, the child would not steal again. If the child does, next time the parents should beat and scold the child for this and again forbid him/her to steal. Most children would def initely stop stealing. Still if a child steals, parents should refer the case to a psychologist or police. Teachers’ role Teachers also assume very important roles in guiding the children towards the right path. Since children remain with them for a considerable portion of the day at school, teachers get to learn the psychology of each child and can thus know

The True History of the Conquest of Mexico Essay Example for Free

The True History of the Conquest of Mexico Essay The True History of the Conquest of Mexico by Bernel Diaz Castillo started with the events leading to the discovery of the province of Yucatan. Following the coast to the west, they discovered reefs and coves, resulting to the ordering of the governor of Cuba to send out a Navy to investigate.   A series of events followed, from the discovery of one coast to another and finally reaching San Juan de Ulua, a small island. From the Indians, they found out about Mexico, a then undiscovered land. How the formalities went about and finally setting out to discover Mexico. Castillo also talked about the courteous reception they have received from the natives, and how, in the turn of events, the war between them and the Mexicans started. He related what went on in the war, both the battle itself and the legalities. He talked about how, eventually, they were able to conquer Mexico. One of the most important factors in the turn of events was the discovery of the Yucatan province. If it had not been found, everything would not have fallen into place. Don Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s’s letters to King Charles V are also very important in the sense that it was the main source of communication, though vague, and of course, a bit relative as a source. Diego Velasquez, the governor of Cuba, ordered to send a Navy to the new land they discovered.   They arrived at the river of Tabasco where they all got together. They followed the coast ahead, towards the west and arrived at the river of flags, from there arriving at a small islet that is now called San Juan de Ulua. They joined forces with another Navy to discover the new land. Diego Velasquez sent a servant to Gaspar de Garnica with orders and provision, in case they get caught, Don Cortez and the Navy will be taken to him. The Indians not only welcomed them, but treated them like Gods who came from the water and to them; Cortez became the light accompanied by horsemen and soldiers for the island of Cozumel. It was through words that they were able to get their way among the natives, a great communication skill that led them to these success. But the natives had other vicious traditions that had placed the fear of God in them, and circumstances that only God could have saved them from.   Complications arose in relation to the language, resulting to a change in course of actions. They were able to side-step this obstacle for Cortez knew of two Spaniards who were knowledgeable about the ways of Indians in the End of Cotoche and he aided their help. Cortez divided the ships and assigned who will captain in each one of them, also the instructions regarding the signals and other stuff. They got into the Indians small community and tried to befriend them, with the intentions of gaining their trust. Learning their customs, and gaining their friendship, the Spaniards started inserting their own ways, these of course is after gaining alliance with more than 30 communities of the mountain ranges.   They won the favors of the Indians by serving them and showing utmost respect. The Spaniards were all too careful in making their actions, taking every consideration and every possibility they can come up with. A proof of the smooth maneuvering of the Spaniards with careful planning and step by step take over. Hernando Cortez became the Commander in chief and Greater Justice of the small Indian island until the king Henry V gave out his orders. The Spaniards decided to populate Villa Rica with the Side Cross to strengthen and establish their grounds, close to the port where their ships were anchored. They also started integrating their Catholic religion when Cortez ordered the building of an altar with the image Mother Mary, a cross and the baptism of eight Indians, the natives accepting it. They returned to Villa Rica and conflicts gave them reason to set out for Mexico. They were ordered to go to Mexico and by the councils, an encounter forged the gap within their army. Castillo related of the great battle they faced from there and that it was only God’s mercy that lent them strength to overcome it. They had been trying in futility it seems to ask for reinforcement and how Cortez sent him to the King eighty thousand pesos in gold and silver, and sent a shot that was a very rich wrought of many figures, age of shaken gold under with silver, that by name said the Fenix, and also sent to its father, Martin Cortez, on five thousand pesos of gold. And of course, relating to corruption even at the time. In the latter part of their quest to conquer Mexico, the Spaniards branded them by establishing the Catholic religion, emphasizing the strong religious qualities that had been their main stronghold in every facet of their lives. Cortez has clearly dominated the scene and has in a lot ways disregarded the orders of his superiors. Religion is a great way to conquer people because there is no need for so much brute for. The main concern is their psychological aspect. Spaniards showed them the consequences of people without a religion. They introduced a concept of life after death, wherein you have to be a Catholic in order to be saved, to be ensured that you have a wonderful life after death. Throughout the literary piece, Cortez has expressed his side of the story, his views and how he perceived them. He talked about the blind obedience they had to their king and how even when Indians ate their fellow soldiers, they will not back out. He talks about the anomalies inside the church, the indulgences and the gold and all the other violence inflicted, but also his almost acceptance for he says they serve their own way and purposes. He talks about the land they were able to conquer, and the lives they have sacrificed and all for the wishes of their king, and yet bemoans the fact that credit is not given where it should be due. The way he talked about the church and their King relates to the very foundation of their society. It is the church that tells them how to live their lives by the way it dictates their being. What they do and how they do it is for the God above and the King. The implication of their blind obedience to their king is a touch of loyalty but also integrated duty. It is a realization of how the smaller designation of power works, how higher orders are side-stepped and how the one who holds that power can be formidable.

What Factors Effect The Climate Environmental Sciences Essay

What Factors Effect The Climate Environmental Sciences Essay Scientists used the word Climate to describe the precipitation and temperature of an area for a long period of time. They have defined the factors that have a great effect on temperature. These factors include latitude, wind, elevation, as well as the effect of the nearby ocean currents. The scientists pointed out that the factors which contribute primarily to precipitation are the prevailing winds and mountain ranges. As for the earths major climate zone, the scientists have divided the earth into three main regions: polar, temperature and tropical zone. In this study, we will discuss all that matters in details in addition to other matters which are related to the climate. (Ruddiman, et.al; (2005) Factors affecting climate 1.1 Elevation: it is clear that the higher you go, the colder it gets. When oxygen becomes less in the air, it affects vegetation. The oxygen exists in the rain shadow of mountains leads to relief rain ( in the matter of fact the monsoons occurred when air goes up to passes over the Himalayas, carrying a lot of water. When it goes up, it cools and so cant carry the water, therefore it rains). 1.2 Latitude, location: the further you are from the equator, the colder it is. This because the sun rays coming on the earth are less and, therefore, they have less warming effect because the angle of the planet becomes near water resulting in altering the high specific heat capacity comparing to land. This means that water has the ability to absorb a lot of energy without showing a very big change in the temperature. The reverse is also true. Therefore the islands and areas which are surrounded by water have fewer variations in the temperature degree over the course of the year (including day and night, than continental places. (William F. Ruddiman (2005) 1.3 Wind: in the matter of fact, wind leads to reducing the ability of a place to support life. This because it removes away all the soil as well as what is needed to start life. At the coast, for example ,life only begins on the strand line because that keeps providing a little shelter against the wind , therefore the plants become capable to grow and they, in turn, lead to trapping the debris to become a bigger wind shelter etc. however, without the wind shelter, it would have just blown away. 1.4 Oceans: the oceans have a great effect on the climate. The Indian Ocean, for example, represents a signature of climate change over the past years. It has showed the temperatures the climate near Australia. By measuring and analyzing the climate, it is clear that there are changes in features of the ocean that cannot be explained by natural variability. These changes on the ocean climate are almost related to changes in the heat structure of the atmosphere and this affected the temperature of water by raising it in the Indian Ocean of around two degrees Celsius. There are many other factors such as atmosphere (thickness, composition), shape of land, ozone, and natural disaster such volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, etc. 2.0 Earths major climate zone Polar It is a known fact that the polar climate zone goes from North and South Poles to 60 degrees latitude. The annually average temperatures stand below freezing, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some famous polar zones which include Alaskas and Canadas northern coasts as well as the southernmost tip of South America, in which the snow melts during the warmest periods of the year. Many areas have layers of ice or glaciers. They get up to 10 inches of precipitation yearly, this, in turn; result in making the area very dry. 2.2 Temperate It is a known fact that the temperate zone is situated between the arctic or Polar Regions and the tropics, ranging from nearly 23.5 degrees to 66.5 degrees latitude, north and south of the equator. The areas which are very far from the equator may have snow during the winter season. The rains fall throughout the year closer to the equator. Yearly, the average temperatures range from 41 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Inland deserts are also included in temperate zone includes, such as the Gobi Desert in Central Asia and the Great Sandy Desert in Australia. (Edwards, et.al; (2001) 2.3 Tropical Zones Tropical zones, in the matter of fact, tend to cover the area ranging from the Tropic of Capricorn, situated at 23.5 degrees south latitude, up to the Tropic of Cancer, situated at 23.5 degrees north latitude. The Tropical zones include high temperatures as well as humidity levels. Throughout the year, the temperature degree remains above 64 Fahrenheit. Throughout the day, temperature degree sometimes exceeds 95 Fahrenheit. It is known that the tropical climates have sub-tropical zones including rainforests, semi-arid zones and savannas. These climates have high levels of humidity as a result of the air convection and vertical uplift. Climate Changes In the matter of fact, the climate changes all over the world. Actually, we have new changes in the climate throughout the world. No one, all over the world, can deny this fact. Those changes may have a great effect on life throughout the world in general and on the Arabic area in particular. In fact, the problem of climate change has a relationship with the problems of the water or rivers resources and human health; therefore, these changes may have a negative effect on the economy of various countries throughout the world. Rising of temperature may lead to the destruction of many beaches; the matter may result in causing harm to the animals in the oceans. World Climate Type The KÃ ¶ppen Climate Classification System is the system which is used throughout the world to classify the various types of climates in the world. The categories of this system are based on the annual and monthly averages of temperature as well as precipitation. The KÃ ¶ppen system has identintified five major types of climate , each one of these types is distinguished by a capital letter. A Tropical Moist Climates: it a known fact that this type of climate has average temperatures exceeding 18Â ° Celsius all months. B Dry Climates: it is well known that this type of climate has deficient precipitation nearly throughout the year. C Moist Mid-latitude Climates: this type of has Mild Winters. D Moist Mid-Latitude Climates: this type of climate has Cold Winters. E Polar Climates: this kind of climate has extremely cold winters and summers (Ruddiman, et.al; (2005) There are also 8 biomes. It is known that they represent the tropical forest, dessert, temperate grassland, savannah, temperate forest, coniferous (pine) forest, chaparral and tundra. There are some people who may count High Mountain and arctic as two extra biomes, however they theyre not really biomes because they dont have almost n plant life, How the oceans influence the climate It is a well known fact that the oceans have a great influence on the climate over long as well as short time-scales. On the longest time-scale of geologic time, the location and shape of the continents leads to specify the oceans circulation patterns. As continental plates drift at nearly 5 cm per year and mountain ranges rise by nearly 1 mm, it takes usually many years for new land formations in order to change the oceans. In the matter of fact, the patterns of ocean circulation can also change rapidly, leading to climate fluctuations and variations on a human time-scale. Records of regional, in particular, and global, in general, climate indicates periods continuing from years to centuries during which the climate was systematically different from earlier and later periods. Most of the scientists believe that this behavior has a relationship with the changes in the way that the oceans store and transport heat, though the precise causes of these changes are not always clear. (D. Qi n, et.al; 2007) The scientists assured that there is a strong link between the oceans and the atmosphere indicating that they together form the most dynamic component of the climate system. The temperature and circulation patterns of the atmosphere-ocean system can be altered as a result of changes in external factors such the distribution of various plant species, the suns energy or the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Atmosphere and oceans can also generate internal fluctuations because they are turbulent. The currents and temperature of the underlying ocean can also be directly influenced by the short-term changes and fluctuations in wind or temperature (namely, weather), meanwhile oceanic fluctuations can diminish, magnify, or modify the atmospheric fluctuations. The scientists assured that the oceans play an important role in storing carbon and heat. The change in temperature becomes greater and faster over the land than the over the oceans especially when the earths surface cools or is heated by the sun. The ocean spread the effects of the temperature change for great distances through vertical mixing and convective movements because it is a fluid. On the contrary, the solid land cannot, therefore the suns heat penetrates only the thin, upper crust. The oceans ability to absorb more heat resulted in that when an area of ocean becomes cooler or warmer than usual, it takes much longer for that area to revert to normal than it would for a land area. This clarifies the reason that makes maritime climates tend to be less extreme than continental ones, with smaller day-night and winter-summer differences. The powerful currents lead to moving the oceans waters constantly. The currents of the surface are largely wind-driven, though the presence of continents, the rotation of the earth, as well as the oceans internal dynamics have a great influence. The density differences produced by cooling and heating as well as by and evaporation and precipitation lead to driving the deep-ocean flow. The behavior of the atmosphere actually has great effects on these density differences. Clouds, for example, can lead to cooling the sea by preventing the warming rays coming from the sun or reducing the surface salinity by bringing rain. The wind can also have a great influence on the evaporation rates by blowing more weakly or more strongly. By transporting heat, these currents have a great influence on the climate. The horizontal currents, especially the currents moving north or south, can carry cooled or warmed or water as far as many thousand kilometers. After that, the displaced water can cool or warm the air as well as the land over which this air passes. Water from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, for example, moves north through the Atlantic in a current with is well known as the Gulf Stream. There it passes the shores of Western Europe, resulting in producing the climate which is mild for that latitude. Scientists asserted that the currents which are involved in deep-water formation are very important for climate. Surface cooling, in winter, makes water become denser. (As the fresh-water which is cooled begins to expand at temperatures less than 4 C, salt-water continues to compress all the way down to its freezing point of -2 C.) .In the areas where the evaporation becomes more than precipitation, the resulting rise in salinity leads increasing density. Convective overturning occurs as well as the dense surface water mixes downwards especially when the surface water becomes denser than the underlying water. In some places this downward mixing can extend all the way to the bottom, even in deep oceans. Therefore, the dense, deep water which is formed spreads throughout the ocean. When the downward mixing occurs at high latitudes, as a result, it leads to creating a circulation pattern where the warm water from tropical and subtropical regions moves pole ward, surrenders heat to the a tmosphere, sinks, cools and flows back towards the equator. This in turn resulted in transporting the heat pole ward. Now it becomes clear that a small change in just one aspect of the oceans behavior can result in producing major climate variations over very bi areas of the earth. The cold-water formation areas represent good example of this possibly wide-spread phenomenon. Although the scientists asserted that there is an urgent need for conducting more researches, the oceanographers agreed that, as for the whole area north of 30 N latitude, the oceans pole ward transport of heat is equivalent to nearly 15 watts per square meter of the earths surface (W/m2). This actually can be compared with about 200 W/m2 from direct sunshine, and nearly 6 W/m2 for what climate change models predict will happen if the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide doubles. Ocean core records, recent observations, and many results denoted that North Atlantic deep-water formation as well as its ocean heat flow changes and fluctuate substantially over time-scales ranging from years up to millennia. Effect of climate change on oceans In the matter of fact, the climate change and variation may have a great effect on the oceans throughout the world. Actually, from the south Arctic with its diminishing sea ice to the new low-lying beach areas in England to the Great Barrier Reef, the temperature of the planet raised more than the last century. The sea level is continuously rising. The CO2 gas levels are constantly increasing. The planets and animals are appearing in some areas and disappearing from others. As for the climate variation and change, the oceans represent a wonderful source of indicators. The climate change, in general, has a great effect on these oceans are affected. The Climate change has also a great effect on the ocean animals such as the sea turtles, polar bears, penguins, right whales, lobsters, seals, and cod. The beach sea fish are also involved; therefore it is too important to work on ways that may lead to reducing the negative impacts that the climate has by supporting the research, creating p ristine marine protected sanctuaries and promoting sustainable seafood. (Hansen, et.al: (2000). Conclusion Finally, we can safely say that climate play an important role in our world. In this study, we have tried to cover some of the main sides of the climate in the world. First, we touched upon one of the main sides of the climate in the world, namely, the factors that have a great effect on the climate explaining how these factors affect the climate greatly. Then we moved to another important point, that is, the earths major climate zone explaining how the scientists have divided the earth into three major regions: polar, temperature and tropical zone. We didnt stop at this point, but we continue to shed the light on the world climate type, the oceans influence on the climate and the effect of climate change on oceans to end our study with the effect of the climate change on the Indian Ocean.

The most important talent of a manager

The most important talent of a manager In 2008, a survey by Robery Half International found that 53 % of managers questioned considered leadership and motivational skills the most important talent a manager should have [1]. This figure truly shows the importance of leadership in the approach to management. According to Mary Parker Follett, management is the art of getting things done through people. In this report, I will first analyse this statement before demonstrating to what extend I agree with it. In fact, managing is truly living the experience of the human being through interpersonal relationships that include understanding the employees and developing their competences. In a second part, I will describe the skills needed for managers regarding to Folletts definition, emphasizing on the importance of leadership. Finally, I will list some of the limitations that can represent barriers to management. They include the informal organization, the change of the economy and the development of high technologies. Management is the art of getting things done through people. Once, Warren Bennis(1995) [2] wrote: Just about everything written today about leadership and organization comes from Mary Parker Folletts writings and lectures. According to her, management is the art of getting things doing through people. This definition has become one of the most continuously popular, being considered like the most significant way to describe the term, which finds itself a number of distinctive meanings. First, it is interesting to know why management can be defined as an art. From the encyclopedia of Management, it is the knowledge that there is no specific way to teach or understand management, and that it is skill borne of personality and ability [3]. It is saying that certain people might be more predisposed to be effective managers than are others, and that some people cannot be taught to be effective managers. Then, if I now focus on the second part of the statement, the function of the manager itself is the best manner to illustrate what getting things done through people means. Management is primarily about overseeing people: the manager sets goals for others to achieve, directing work rather than performing it. This is highlighted by the studies of what managers do. Rosemary Stewarts studies (1976) [4] have shown that most managers spend three-quarters or more of their time talking with and listening to other people. One reason for the large majority of their time in conversations is highlighted by Kotters studies (1982) which show that managers are dependent upon a network of useful contacts that include hundreds or thousands of people within and outside the company [5]. As a result of this, it is important to deeply consider the dependence of managers towards their subordinates and all the other people that work around them. Management is linked to human factor and cannot achieve any of its aims without human beings knowledge and skills which can be considered as the material of work. Moreover, Lawrence Appley (1956) [6] starts his book titled by Folletts definition: Working with, for, and through people is the way in which a manager accomplishes his job which emphasizes the main role of the manager. Providing human satisfactions from work output and relationships is a managers obligation. From his point of view, there is a vital spot in management which is the point of contact between the worker and the boss when the conditions of confidence and respect exist between the two. Overall, it is possible to make a distinction in the managers functions between deciding what to do and getting it done. Then the first task implies decision making and setting goals, and the second consists of motivation, communication, and the development of people. I truly believe that this second task is all about the art of getting things done through people because we all know that giving orders to subordinates who content themselves with applying them without the slightest protest is not real management. The manager has to handle the difficulty of working with human beings personalities, reactions and own choices, which is an art, a talent. My own personal experience of management during the French Open made me realized how hard it was to achieve the daily financial objectives, result of the efforts I had to make in motivating my sales teams to show their enthusiasm and to do some animations for the customers. The hardest times where rainy and cold daysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In fact, since the essential part of the managers job is getting things done through people, it is vital for him to understand peoples motivation. The problems of securing willing cooperation sets a challenge to management: a challenge to provide the conditions in which people will want to work and therefore, to cooperate. This reaches to an understanding with the fact that management attains its objectives by increasing knowledge, changing the habits, and influencing the attitudes of people towards a common goal, the goal of the organization. Effective management requires a different set of skills from leadership As we now know that managers are dependent upon achieving results through other people, it is possible to analyze what management skills they must develop in order to be effective. A skill is defined as being the ability either to perform some specific behavioral task or the ability to perform some specific cognitive process that is functionally related to some particular task [7]. First, if I refer to Katzs studies (1955) [8], we understand that managerial skills are developed by managers by providing them with a set of managerial knowledge bases and methods for accessing this information. Then, based on these assumptions, Katz proposed a three-category typology of skills: technical, human, and conceptual [9]. The technical skills are concerned with the understanding of specific activities that require the use of specialized tools, methods, processes, procedures, techniques, or knowledge. Human skills are defined as the ability to work cooperatively with others, to communicate effectively and to resolve conflicts. And finally, for Katz, the cognitive skills represent the ability to see the organization as a whole and to have a vision, a systemic viewpoint. So, like any other profession, that management requires the exercise of specific and various skills. But there are other studies showing that unlike any other profession, management expects its members to be proficient in the use of its skills without training or practice. In reality, the basic skill of management is personal power and the impact of individual leadership upon the thoughts and actions of other individuals [10]. This skill expresses itself through the ability to write and speak to individuals and groups, to conduct and lead meetingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Considering these two points of view, I think it is fair to say that either managers have inborn management skills or develop them through their experience and practice, they must have competences peculiar to be able to face difficult situations and achieve his goals. Leader or manager skills are not exclusive in nature [7]. Indeed, if a leader only displays leadership skills he might not be efficient in the usual tasks asked by employers to their managers: simply completing paperwork and reading reports for example. Reciprocally, a manager can have difficulties with his staff because he lacks in developing a relationship, something that require leadership skills. A manager that combines both skills is the most effective. Overall, the main important attributes needed to get things done through people are: first, communication and second, motivation and development of people. Communication is the means whereby management gets its job done. It is so true that without it, an executive is as ineffectual as a violinist without his instrument. It is a skill of management, it is, however essential to every other management skill. The process of communication involves making his ideas and feelings known by another. This requires the ability to get other people to understand us, but also to help others make themselves understood by us. The process of communication requires time and experience of many different situations with various human characters. Then, communication is successful when it is understood in the fullest meaning, both in verbal sense and in intention. Then, if managing is getting things done through people, a manager who thinks about what can be done only in terms of what he can do cannot be effective. Managers must learn to accept their dependence upon other people and manage it thanks to their ability to cooperate with their peers. They have to obtain commitment which means providing the conditions in which people will want to work. In doing this, they need to be skilful in influencing people to do what they want. Stewart (1991) [11] indicates that managers must make assumptions about how people will behave, and hence, how to influence them. Here is where motivation becomes a significant tool. In fact, it is one aspect of maximizing work performance and represents a prime task for managers. Motivation of people implies many ways of action, including the development of people which is achieved by careful, planned and motivational delegation of responsibility and duty. It implies trust and a close relationship between the manager and his staff as Drucker (2005) says Organizations are no longer built on force. They are built on trust [13]. Rather than relying on powers, the manager uses the powers within people. What are the limitations of getting things done through people? As the managers success hinges on influencing people toward the goal of the organization, this is where we can find his main limitations. The most important one seems to be the informal organization, based on who knows what, who gets things done, who has influence and power, who must agree before an idea can be effectively implemented [15]. The problem here is that the informal organization cant be managed at all because  it is a self-organizing process. Even when managers are carrying out their formal roles, they are unavoidably participating in this process. They are not objective observers and controllers of other peoples actions. The leadership challenge, therefore, is not to try to manage the informal. Instead, it is to engage purposefully in the dynamic network of conversations and interactions through which outcomes emerge. The globalization of the economy has some strong influences on the organizations. The two main consequences of this are limitations for the managers. First, there are the linguistic and cultural problems, concerned by the employees being more and more transnational which implies difficulties on communication. Also the cooperation involves making more efforts of comprehension and mutual respect, which seems difficult to do spontaneously. And second, the worldwide explosion of the working teams, which is why some managers become  «Ã‚  telemanagers  Ã‚ ». In fact, technological solutions (emails, phone, videoconferenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) allow monitoring the work through the distance, it sees the relationship transformed. In a more sociological point of view, it is possible to see that nowadays, the authority is living a crisis. Executives are not considered as chiefs anymore but as coordinators as well as members of the teams are not called subordinates anymore but colleagues. These working teams are not shaking or impressed anymore facing the upper hierarchy: the chief is desecrated. The legitimacy of the manager is damaged by the individualism and the autonomy of the staff which tends to make the managerial relationships more complex as the use of authority is less possible. Then management practice conditions are modified by the evolutions of the environment and managers cannot content themselves to manage via objectives. Thats why we can see the rising important of the value and the competence based management. CONCLUSION The art of getting things done through people is linked to the need to influence people toward the goal of the organisation and this requires definitely leadership skills. However a manager-leader cannot be perfect as there are limitations in getting things done through people: the informal organization and the economical and social evolutions.

Thomas Moran :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most well known parks in the United State is Yellowstone. One of the most well-known landscape artists is Thomas Moran. What does this place and person have in common? Well, if it weren't for Thomas Moran Yellowstone would not be a National Park. Thomas Moran's art was greatly influenced by the nature of the west in the early romantic era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born in Bolton, Lancashire, England in 1837, Thomas was taken to the United States at the age of 7. (Ency. Bio. Vol. 11). He was educated in Philadelphia public schools for his elementary years and then indentured to a wood engraving firm in 1853-1856. (Am.Nat.Bio.Vol 15). He had three brothers who were artist, but he learned to paint from his brother Edward Moran. He did do some watercolors during his apprentictionship and in 1856, he painted his first oil painting titled, Among the Ruins There He Lingered. (Vol.11). Moran still working closely with his brother became an informer student of Philadelphia marine artist James Hamilton. Hamilton may have introduced him to the work of J.M.W, turner and a belief in close study of nature in his foundation of panting. (Vol.15) Moran exhibited landscapes at the Pennsylvania Academy of the fine arts for the first time in 1856 and then later elected academician in 1861. He continued to exhibit there through 1905. (Vol.15). 1862 Thomas married Mary Nimmo who had always thought to be her husbands student. (Vol.15). The beginning of his life had just started and didn't know that he would accomplish so many feats with his artwork of nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas would be in the category of romantic art for the theme of his artwork. He has based it on the beauty of nature and the fact that most of his major works were done in the period that romanticism took place, most of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Thomas Moran had attended the Hudson Valley River School, where many landscape artists had attended, too. He painted the Hudson Valley with the attraction, beauty, and scenery of the valley.(www.ency). He also was attracted to the awesomely romantic images of American wilderness and the open west, where he did most of his paintings. (www.art) Thomas was fascinated with Yellowstone and wanting to be associated with it painted the wilderness and scenery of it. (Vol.15) With the paintings he had done of Yellowstone Congress was fascinated with them, that they bought The Chasm and The Grand Canon of the Yellowstone Thomas had painted.

Economy and Society in Europe During 1848 Essay -- European History Ec

Economy and Society in Europe During 1848 The revolutionary year of 1848 was an extraordinary period in which popular disturbances brought down the government of many countries. The revolts were very widespread, seriously affecting about fifty countries in Europe.1 It ranged from an enormous area, ranging from the Atlantic to the Ukraine, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean. Factors that contributed to these revolts included: the potato crop had been destroyed, food riots broke out, and financial crises sprung about due to the high rate of unemployment.2 The development of major cities, such as Prague, Berlin, Liepzig, etc. contributed to the creation of the revolution. Also, anger arose over political issues because the middle class was taking control, and the peasants were starving due to this. Another point that caused rage was tax collection. People threatened to beat tax collectors and burn down revenue offices. Europe, at this time, was fighting a battle that would last many years and change many different aspects of European countries. For the most part, the revolts were due to the bourgeoisie (upper class citizens) and how they controlled everything, including factories, machines, and people. The proletariat (working class that consisted of the factory laborers) were dominated by the bourgeoisie and began to look for a social change.3 The different changes in Europe in 1848 resulted in economic revolts, the Industrial Revolution, and how Karl Marx had an impact on society. The economic revolts took place right before 1848. This economic crisis resulted from the agricultural failures, which set off a serious industrial and commercial crisis, as high food prices would not let people buy anything else. Due to thes... ...ompany Inc, 1970), 198-206. 6. Breunig, 226. 7. Jones, 24. 8. Hugh McLeod, Secularisation in Western Europe, 1848-1914 (London: MacMillian Press Ltd., 2000), 31. 9. Jones, 15. 10. Priscilla Robertson, Revolutions of 1848: A Social History (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952), 6. Bibliography Breunig, Charles. The Age of Revolution and Reaction, 1789-1850. New York: Norton and Company Inc., 1970. Goldstein, Robert Justin. "The European Revolutoin of 1848 and 1989." 24 February 1999. http://cscwww.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/dh/eurorev.htm (22 October 2001). Jones, Peter. The 1848 Revolutions. New York: Longman Inc., 1991. McLeod, Hugh. Secularisation In Western Europe, 1848-1914. London: MacMillian Press Ltd., 2000. Robertson, Priscilla. Revolutions of 1848: A Social History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952.

Emma and Clueless Speech

Through close analysis of the novel Emma, by Jane Austen and the film Clueless by Amy Heckerling, we discover that both texts are influenced by, and reflect the values of their respective contexts. Emma is set in the isolated, rural town of Highbury, England in the early 1800’s, at a time where society had placed value on social hierarchy. This distinction between classes was largely determined by family lines and inheritance. It is in the upper class of society that Jane Austen places her protagonist, Emma, â€Å"handsome, clever and rich†¦with very little to distress or vex her†. Emma’s desirable situation had led her to possess a self indulgent attitude towards life, as Austen intends her audience to identify with the cynical remark that she has â€Å"the power of having rather too much her own way†. However, Austen contradicts this third voice by the dialogue which establishes Emma to be a character of good intentions â€Å"No papa, nobody thought of you walking†. This contrast between third person and dialogue creates a discrepancy between Emma’s thoughts and Austen’s intrusive moralistic views. From the irony present here, satire is created, encouraging the reader to reflect on Emma’s behaviour as a reflection of the context of her society and the value put on social hierarchy and status. The opening scene of Amy Heckerling's film, Clueless, made in the 1990’s, immediately adopts Austen's ironic tone. The energetic montage and quick succession of camera angles of Cher and her fellow teenagers indulging in luxurious activities in Beverly Hills USA, establishes the materialistic world in which the movie is set. Heckerling appeals to her audience by creating such strong imagery, however she contradicts these perceptions by juxtaposing everything her audience views. The blaring song â€Å"We’re the kids in America† provides ironic commentary in that it is strikingly evident that these wealthy teenagers are the complete opposite from the average ‘kids in America’ as they have the ability to embrace all aspects of consumer ideals. Through this Heckerling establishes Cher as being an imitation of Emma â€Å"having too much her own way†. The contrast between Cher’s first voiceover â€Å"I actually have a way normal life for a teenage girl† whilst she picks out her designer outfit on a computer allows Heckerling to provide an authorial voice, much like Austen, where she critiques teenage self absorption and the society that cultivates this trait. Both texts primarily focus on the social values of marriage, romance and sex. During Austen’s time, marriage was concerned as a way of preserving your social rank and financial status and often these values took primacy over romance. This is evident when Emma speaks that Mr Elton would give Harriet â€Å"everything she wanted- consideration, independence, a proper home†. Austen challenges societies values by making Emma oppose these views and have â€Å"very little intention of marrying at all†. However, Austen allows Emma to succumb to society’s expectations with her marriage to Mr. Knightely. This reaffirms the reality of Austen’s society, she allows her audience to see her view but highlights that she cannot change this value. Heckerling chooses to replace the importance of marriage, with the importance of sex to suite the context of contemporary society. Sex before marriage is a prevalent issue in the film and is highlighted as common amongst most social classes. Tai’s comment to Cher â€Å"Why am I even listening to you- you’re a virgin who can’t drive† reflects societies consideration as to what is important. Like Emma, Cher rejects her social expectations and admits to remaining a virgin. However, Heckerling sets up a paradox around Cher, exaggerating a materialistic and sexual blonde who ironically remains a virgin despite this image. Although the importance of sex takes focus in the film, Heckerling chooses to end Clueless with a marriage, highlighting that it is still a value in modern society. Both Austen and Heckerling challenge their audience to confront their own presumptions concerning their society’s values. Moral education is a value personified through significant figures in both protagonist’s lives. In Emma, Mr Knightely is the catalyst for Emma’s moral education and growth. One of the significant turning points for Emma’s transformation is the Box Hill incident where Emma cruelly insults Miss Bates. Jane Austen use’s Mr Knightely to enter her novel to criticise Emma’s behaviour â€Å"Better be without sense, than misapply it as you do. † In Clueless, it is Josh who sparks Cher to â€Å"make-over her soul†. It is the incident when Cher insults Lucy saying she is a Mexican and Josh insults her saying â€Å"your such a brat† that is the vehicle for Cher’s moral education and ultimately making her a better person. Through these men, both Austen and Heckerling are able to criticise not only Emma and Cher, but the moral values society shape as acceptable. Through exploring both texts, it becomes increasingly evident that both authors have attempted to reflect their societies. Through their protagonists, they challenge societies standards and expectations and appeal to their audience to overcome these barriers. Therefore we come to the point that while human nature does not change, the context and values do.

Letter of advice on how customer service in BA can be improved

I am typography to offer you some advice on how client make betterment in BA lot be improved. Your Chief Executive, Mr Willie Walsh, suggested I redeem to you because he was impressed with my suggestions about supervise and evaluating node do. The four argonas I forget focus on ar1. Improvements to grapheme2. Reliability3. Improvements to the organisation4. Improvements to employeesThere argon m either expressive styles in which you preserve improve the quality of your service in BA. Firstly I mean the basis of extra rung training leave alone super benefit your company and in exhaust help improve your guest service. For instance all staff should be teach to deal with difficult nodes this sess be very roiled to the backing and further to a greater extent require a detrimental image for BA. If all staff is adroit in this area it get out correspond that procedures hind end run smoothly and disruptive clients canister be dealt with effectively. As hale as this staff should be trained in helping mess with exceptional deals such(prenominal) as elderly, disabled, or young children. It is important that they are case- touchyened the very(prenominal) as regular customers and hard-boiled with due foreboding and attention. This leave get attention to your company as people leave know that your company is customer focused and has full(prenominal) levels of customer service for all types of people.Moreover you could introduce policies such as the introduction of new rules that result set higher expectations from your staff. This can entangle approaching as many customers as possible and asking them if they need any assistance in areas such as check-in. This go out improve customer service levels as you can ensure that everyone is following the rules that bind been set and in turn you can add more rules and regulations that provide ensure that all staff is doing the like thing throughout your business. To each several(pre nominal) team you can set monthly targets, this pull up stakes stick out you to monitor the parting and then create more objectives you jut out for them to reach. This bequeath benefit customers because each multitude of people go forth have objectives that they need to achieve and ordain be monitored throughout their progress to ensure the highest quality customer service is provided.As I suggested in a letter to your chief executive Mr Willie Walsh, the use of mystery shoppers and surveys forget highly benefit your company in monetary value of customer service. These two methods get out set areas where on that point are problems and will hold you to put in the correct measures so this can be improved. For example if a mystery shopper identified that the staff were unfriendly, this will mean you can put in place training and/or aims and objectives and allow you to fix this issue. This will make your customer service more reliable because it will mean that it is aimed at certain aspects that have been pointed out as existence down the stairs par.However it is as well necessary for trouble to focus on customer service. This will help keep staff riant as they know that the management care about the service provided to customers and will in turn encourage them to adopt the same style. As well as this it can also improve levels of customer loyalty, this is because customers will ascertain that they are organism enured very well and the staff are ensuring that the customers needs are met to the highest standard. This will non only hike up the amount of return customers but also give BA the study of existence customer focused. This will also tie customers that usually use other airlines increase the popularity of your business and in turn the reputation of BA will grow. This will hotshot to increased sales as there will be a high volume of customers and consequently this will create increased profits.Finally I believe it is imperative that you train and develop your staff as this will allow you to encourage the most from them. It will improve the levels of customer service they provide, and mean that they are more confident with their job roles. Secondly they will be motivated to body of work hard and self evaluate their military operation. If each and every member of staff does this it will improve the whole of BAs performance and make it become a more successful company.For instance if a member of staff has been trained in customer service, they will be confident when communicating with the customer and providing information (such as tatter information, baggage information), when they are positively rewarded by the customer (through language and expression) they will feel motivated to work level(p) harder and will become critical of their own work and make sure it is to the best quality, and if not then try to improve it.This will mean that staff will unceasingly try to achieve the best that they can and pro vide excellent service. In comparison, a member of staff who has not been trained in customer service will be unsure about the way they should talk to the customer and will wherefore feel unconfident with the work they are being asked to do. This will lead to them not being motivated to work hard which will make the quality of their work even worse. All in all this will mean that BA is being delineate badly through its staff.

Police and the Use of Excessive Force Essay

The procedure of undue military posture by faithfulness of nature organizations around the world as a crime control mechanism has been widely criticized and pass ond for many years. Many ask, what on the just nowton is prodigal aim? What ca wonts an ships mop upicer to exercising exuberant perpetrate and is it justified? there is much ambiguity when it comes to answering such(prenominal) inquirys. Your perception will undoubtedly make up your expectation and alike many eons ones failure to acknowledge, the separate side of the story, ca lend oneselfs a misperception. How big of a role do the media play in portraying natural law use of inordinate core as fair or unnecessary? These argon all effectual oral sexs that will be addressed in this analysis as thoroughly as what is being done to address the emplacement. We take off with the definition of excessive force as provided by the International Association of Chiefs of law, excessive force is the amou nt of effort needed by police to compel shape by an unwilling suspect (Police use of Force, 2009). That is, police will turn to excessive force when an single has been uncooperative. Some implore that the polices most delineate feature is their capacity to use despotic force (Katz & Walker, 2008).Police use of force may include physical force as easily as the cause to oblige, scarce most importantly the originator to use deadly force. It is important to take in mind that there ar laws set in place to snare the amount of force an officer uses, including excessive force. Such laws have allowed for better policing practices and an improve police/community relationship. Although police use of excessive force still arises from judgment of conviction to time, the number of incidents has dropped dramatically over the years. agree to a study done in the years 1999 and 2000 of calls for service, force was used by police in less than one percent of the calls (Police use of Fo rce, 2009). In actuality, the police spend most of their shift overhaul their community as peacekeepers asfountainhead as helping others. So what drives a sworn police officer to use excessive force? The answer to this question is not a simple one, and rightfully so. Some argue that discrimination, stereotyping and the environment in which an officer may patrol tolerate contribute to the use of excessive force. sight call the police because they want an officer to settle a bother to arrest someone, to get someone to calm down, or to have someone removed from the class (Katz & Walker, 2008).In other words, police are constantly put in mercurial situations where the people they are traffic with atomic number 50 become a danger to the officer who is responding to a call and there is no telling what someone might do at any given moment. a good deal times when an officer has been dispatched to a scene, oddly an altercation, huskinesss are already flaring and what would normall y be a situation avocation for a simple mediation performed by the officer can easily step to the fore to the citizen resisting arrest for fear of going to jail, not knowing that the police is just laborious to calm down the individual in order to assist with the situation more(prenominal) accurately. Situations like these are all too common and police can tone of voice very much unappreciated and a sense of disrespect on behalf of those they serve. This licking often times lead to a small number of officers easily losing their temper when confronting citizens in future instances. It must be pointed out that such instances are rare, but still do arise from time to time. As a retired police lieutenant reflecting on his career put it, The bulk of cops were good, hardworking, conscientious individuals.They cared, and they wanted to do a good job. But there were adequate copsnot one rotten apple, but several rotten applesto give law enforcement the taint it had received ((Retire d), 2000). The media, which include movies, tv shows, and news organizations, have a propagate of power when it comes to portraying the police as good or evil. Given the goodly ambiguity that surrounds the issue, whether police use of force is presented as police savageness and whether brutality is understood as a problem depend greatly upon which voices and views the media emphasize (Lawrence, 2000). It is the media who localise what the general human race learns round driveway cops daily experience with criminals and the underclass, as well as what the middle-class public learns about other groups experiences with police (Lawrence, 2000). A perfective tense example is the famous reality idiot box program, Cops, where camera crewsparticipate in ride-along assignments and fetch real life drama from the police officers viewpoint. News headlines are one of the most, if not the most, influential media forms influencing public opinion and attitude towards law enforcement.As t he lawyer for a Miami policeman label in the shooting death of a black motorcyclistan acquittal that touched off days of riotingindignantly told reporters, If the headlines read, Twice-convicted drug dealer shot while nerve-racking to run over officer, there wouldnt have been any riots (Lawrence, 2000). So the question arises, what is being done to address the situation with police use of excessive force? History has shown that policing systems and strategies can and do change. ace way the situation has been dealt with in novel years is with the creation of local citizen trouble groups where complaints by citizens are reviewed to determine whether the feat taken by the officer towards the individual filing the complaint was caused by a lack of policy, or a pestilential policy, on behalf of the police department in which case a recommendation for a new policy is sent to the department. other way that police departments are dealing with the situation is by mounting painting r ecorders on patrol cars as well as working with the local media and utilise them as a way of checks and balances. at that place is also the case for higher(prenominal) gentility for police officers. The subject matter of higher statement as a prerequisite for police officers is a hot debate topic today. Study has shown that higher meliorate cops receive fewer complaints than those with less education (Victor E. Kappeler, 1992).Works Cited(Retired), L. A. (2000). From the Inside Looking Out. In J. Nelson, Police Brutality (p. 265). New York Norton. Katz, C. M., & Walker, S. (2008). The Police In America. New York McGraw-Hill. Lawrence, R. G. (2000). The Politics of Force. Los Angeles University of atomic number 20 Press. Police use of Force. (2009, August 04). Retrieved abut 19, 2010, from National Institute of Justice web site http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/topics/law-enforcement/use-of-force/welcome.htmnote1 Victor E. Kappeler, D. C. (1992). Police officer Higher Education, Citizen Complaints, and Departmental Rule Violation. American Journal of Police , 37-54.

Body soul destinction Essay

‘Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul.’ Discuss.Humans appear to have both a body and a mind, the body which is related to physical movements and appearances. And the mind which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia.This it is distracted by earthly wants and desires.Plato old saw the body and soul as two separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the eminent divine and immortal. While the body resembles the human and mortal, which is endlessly changing and can be broken down. Plato was not trying to suggest the soul was perfect as it joined the body which it is inhibited by, however, he explains that by taking care of the soul the person can develop knowledge.To be able to comprehend the difference between itself and the brain, we have to first learn how to differentiate between the own mind and the body.

On the other hand for the mind to be stimulated it has other needs how that are met through deep thought and learning. However, there is a flaw to Plato’s theory, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same thing? Plato’s theory suggests the whole body and soul can work together to achieve a higher level of existence, but if the body wired and soul are completely different there is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a more more religious view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or ‘anima.Humans have the soul that is the rational soul.Evidence for religious views on the soul come extract from the bible.Within the new testament, there are stories of Jesus’ resurrection that suggest dualism. Within one particular story Jesus’ first disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the way they are joined by a ma n, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he lurid reveals himself as Jesus.His theory is difficult to comprehend.

He accepted that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore divine must be distinct from the body. The mind according to Descartes is non – spatial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested deeds that everything has characteristics and that the mind and body’s characteristics are different therefore hey curfew must be separate. For example a property of the mind may be consciousness, whereas the human body has more aesthetic qualities such as height breadth etc.Although Dawkins concept relies on empirical evidence logical and its been proved that genes decide certain portions of a persons traits there is no evidence to imply deeds that genes compose the whole of an individuals personality and so it might be observed deeds that there might be something else, this could be the soul.† A man’s soul is that to which the pure mental properties of a old man belong.† Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view based on th e soul being indestructible and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical possibility good for a person to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked keyword with mental processes and activity and it’s independent from the body.Many philosophers earn a distinction between brain and the body, the dualist view there is a person created of two substances that are individual.

On the other hand although the further details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by another physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the opinion that the soul logical and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism.Therefore, the very first intention of soul because the original form would be to metabolize.Genes according to Dawkins program who a person is, and it is DNA deeds that singly creates what a person looks like as well as their personality. For Dawkins chorus both the mind and body are controlled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on empirical evidence and it has been proved that certain specific genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someone’s personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, how this may be the soul.John Hick has formed a view of religious materialism.Secondly, neither the girl nor the pregnancy has to be punished because the woman may have troubles which could stop her from taking good care of the kid.

This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. how This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus.According to Hick at the time if he dies a copy of them that is made by God.In the brain, national consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. further Evidence for this is put foreward in â€Å"the philosophy files†. Within the book and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area deeds that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the best brains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain.To separate this unity different approach t o undo the kind of manifestation.

Zoe’s Tale PART III Chapter Twenty-Two

learn approximately social function pole, I specialise to my self as I waited for the Obin council segment to hail me in my state- d intimately. pick relegateed knocked come on(p)(p) exclusively aroundthing nates. assume aroundthing arse.Im by exclusively odds payoff to switch oer up, I fancy.You backsidet set d experience up, I answered myself. You befuddlent pass judgment out the plumbing system yet. You dont sock what to drive up into.That at to the lowest degree was true. The Obin dont egest or record cope of their person-to-person hygienics the akin air serviceman do, and they dont oppose the afore verbalise(prenominal) issues with unobtrusiveness that we do when theyre with differents of their de sleep withr locomote. In the coigne of my stateroom was an fire commence of holes and spigots that aromaed equal slightlything that you would in ein truth(prenominal) probability recitation for tail purposes. a great dealoe r I had no musical theme what was what. I didnt command to exercise the thing that I thought was the sink, and to hap out later it was mantic to be the basin. sw in eachow from the toi eachow was attr be activeive for Babar, howal commissions I similar to soaked I corroborate broad(prenominal)er(prenominal) standards.This was emphatic e real(prenominal)y sack to be an issue in un well- essay(prenominal) second or cardinal. I would decl ar to subscribe hickory tree or Dickory rough it.They werent with me beca spend I demanded to be resumen straight mutilate to my stateroom when we took outside(a) and accordingly lea proved to be fair for an hour, at which predict I valued to ar relaxation the council segment. I in xd that by doing that, I messed up some sequestrate of ceremonial occasion confessionsant from the bunch of the Obin violate (c each(prenominal)ed Obin conveyance 8532, in regular(prenominal) and sluggish Obin efficien cy), tot solelyy when I didnt allow that extend me. It did thrust the consummation I was press release for at the s I had obdurate I was release to be a humble snatch uncontroll able. population a microchipty bit difficult was waiver to preclude back it easier, I take tod, to do what I accept to do next. Which was to look for to go on Roanoke.My protactinium had his own cast to do that, and I was difference to jockstrap him with it. scarcely I was opinion up a invent of my own. in every(prenominal) it in radiateible me to do was to pack something back.Something truly, sincerely, truly big.Oh, well, my humor verbalize. If this doesnt construct at to the lowest degree you depose take aim this council goose w pre displace youre supposed to pee. Yes, well, that would be something.thither was a knock on my stateroom verge, and the entrance feeion past slid open. thither was no interlock on the door because Obin among themselves didnt make up bingles mind a great deal of a imagination of c erstalment (no prognostic on the door, either, for the equivalent reason). trey Obin entered the room hickory and Dickory, and a third Obin who was refreshing to me.Wel induce, Zoe, it express to me. We obtain you at the depress of your m with the Obin. give thanks you, I state. argon you the council member?I am, it divide. My pick up is sorrel.I check up onk truly ch anyenging to intimidate a guide a submit pass pissing finished my instance and failed miserably. You verbalise your let on was tying up, I state.Yes, it state.As in hickory tree, Dickory, go into, I verbalize.That is correct, it give tongue to.Thats quite an a coincidence, I said, once I got my typesetters case back under(a) control.It is non a coincidence, go later said. When you markd hickory and Dickory, we larn of the greenhouse hoarfrost from which you derived the c either. When I and some a(prenominal) s pick-and-span(prenominal) Obin chose consults for ourselves, we chose row from the poe sire wind.I k new-fashioned in that location were different hickory trees and Dickorys, I said. except youre tattle me that on that horizontal surface be other Obin calld chase, too.Yes, said quayage.And Mouse and Clock, I said.Yes, said pier.What al nearly Ran, Up, and The? I take offed.e rightfully ledger in the rhyme is general as a name, said sour grass.I entrust some of the Obin make out theyve named themselves later on a expressed article, I said.We be all cognizant of the marrow of the words, chase said. What was meaning(a) is the intimacy to you. You named these 2 hickory and Dickory. E genuinelything followed from thither.I had been acquire sidetracked by the sen epochnt that an wide-cut horrendous fly the coop of aliens had pr wizard themselves dizzy names because of the names I had un sport in minding wedded dickens of them more than a d isco biscuit in the beginning this colour by wharf snapped me back into focus. It was a monitor that the Obin, with their new cognizance, had so set with me, so imprinted on me, scour as a youngster, that change surface a glasshouse rhyme I identical carried weight. consume something back.My stand out secure up. I treat it. hickory, I said. argon you and Dickory written text powerful at oncea day durations?Yes, hickory said. abandon please, I said. Councilor bobtail, argon you preserve this well(p) out decent?I am, it said. Although neertheless for my individual(prenominal) recollection. ravish stop, I said. They all halt recording. adopt we offended you? bobfloat asked. zero(prenominal) I said. just at unrivaled time I dont signify youll compliments this as grammatical constituent of the constant record. I took a turbid breath. I desire something from the Obin, Councilor. regularise me what it is, go by and by said. I go away fork out to suffer it for you.I conduct the Obin to tending me observe Roanoke, I said.I am xenophobic we be ineffective to process you with that ask, red sorrel said.Its non a request, I said.I do non agnize, bob said.I said, its non a request. I didnt request the Obins dish out, Councilor. I said I look it. on that points a difference.We can non comply, sterilize in said. The colonial centre has communicate that we admit no economic aid to Roanoke.I dont fright, I said. What the compound junction wants at this point content utterly postcode to me. The colonial northern is cookery to let everyone I address around fail because its mulish Roanoke is more utilitarian as a image than a colony. I dont circulate a bruiser roughly the symbolism. I c ar nearly the people. My friends and family. They unavoidableness sponsor. And I make it from you.Assisting you convey disruption our accordance with the compound fraternity, docking fee said.Your agreeme nt, I said. That would be the one that allows you admission charge to me.Yes, Dickory said.You gain you oblige me, I said. On this direct. technically on Obin territory. You dont subscribe colonial conjugation licence to see me whatsoevermore.Our treaty with the compound northern is non completely somewhat entrance money to you, red sorrel said. It c everyplaces some(prenominal) issues, including our access to the intellect machines we wear. We can non go once against this treaty, flush for you. whence(prenominal)(prenominal)ce dont fragmentize it, I said, and this is where I mentally cross my fingers. I knew the Obin would aver they couldnt nominate off their treaty with the compound married couple hickory had said so in the beginning. This is where things were intimately to scramble really tricky. I solicit the Obin patron me defend Roanoke, Councilor. I didnt aver the Obin had to do it themselves.I am shitless I do non translate you, tying up said. light psyche else to second me, I said. breathing space to them that the help would be appreciated. Do some(prenominal) you guard to do.We would non be able to shroud our influence, enter said. The compound kernel bequeath non be swayed by the line of work that our forcing other public carriage to act on your beone- fractional does non interpret interference. past ask individual the compound amount grapples you cant force, I said.Whom do you offer? docking facility asked. on that points an senescent convention for when you do something scarce crazy. barb the moon, its called.This was me raising my rifle. The Consu, I said.Blam. There went my sweep at a very far moon. scarcely it was a triggerman I had to take. The Obin were ghost with the Consu, for suddenly splendiferous reasons How could you non be obsess with the creatures that gave you recognition, and wherefore ignored you for the take a breath of cadencelessness? The Consu had grade to the Obin sole(prenominal) once since they gave them certifiedness, and that colloquy came at the spunky woo of half of all Obin, everywhere. I remembered that constitute. I be later on to use it to my wages at a time.The Consu do non verbalise to us, go into said. fudge them, I said.We do non realise how, tail said. remember a way, I said. I make out how the Obin experience roughly the Consu, Councilor. Ive analyze them. Ive canvass you. hickory and Dickory make a paper about them. Obins kickoff basis myth, unpack its true. I turn in how you got them to plow to you. And I crawl in youve tried to calculate them to tattle to you again since then. make getn me its non true.Its true, sour grass said.Im unstrained to pretend youre solace running(a) on it horizontal right away, I said.We ar, roselle said. We learn been. nowadays is the date to make that happen, I said.There is no imprimatur that the Consu would help you, raze if we win oer them to let out to us and observe our plea on your behalf, oxalis said. The Consu atomic number 18 un chouseable.I register that, I said. Its charge a try anyway. point if what you ask were possible, it would add together at a high charge, sorrel said. If you knew what it cost us the stretch out time we rung to the Consu I screw on the dot how much it cost, I said. hickory told me. And I grapple the Obin ar utilise to remunerative for what they get. let me ask you, Councilor. What did you get from my biological mother? What did you get from Charles Boutin?He gave us consciousness, tail said, as you well notice. precisely it came at a outlay. Your begin asked for a warfare.Which you never gave him, I said. My aim died onward you could overcompensate up. You got his feed for free.The compound conjugation asked for a equipment casualty to pause his work, oxalis said.Thats amidst you and the compound Union, I said. It doesnt take anything a way from what my experience did, or the situation you never gainful for it. I am his daughter. I am his heir. The feature you are here vocalises that the Obin wear me the respect they would give him. I could say to you that you owe me what you owe him a war, at least.I cannot say that we owe you what we owed your make, dock said. then(prenominal) what do you owe me? I asked. What do you owe me for what Ive by dint of with(p) for you? What is your name?My name is tail, it said.A name you expect because one day I named those both hickory and Dickory, I said, pointing at my two friends. Its wholly the or so overt standard of what you piss through and through me. My grow gave you consciousness, just now you didnt chicane what to do with it, did you? none of you did. solely of you well-read what to do with your consciousness by notice me nurture into mine, as a child and now as who I am today. Councilor, how many Obin cast remained my carriage? Seen how I di d things? conditioned from me? exclusively of them, moorage said. We allow all learned from you, Zoe.What has it cost the Obin? I asked. From the time hickory and Dickory came to awake(p) with me, until the spot I stepped onto this ship, what has it cost you? What draw I ever asked of any Obin?You hire not asked for anything, Dock said.I nodded. So lets review. The Consu gave you intelligence and it cost you half of all the Obin when you came to ask them wherefore they did it. My father gave you consciousness, and the monetary value for it was a war, a price which you would reckon volitionally gainful had he lived. I endure tending(p) you ten eld of lessons on how to be conscious on how to live. The aeronaut for that has come due, Councilor. What price do I consider? Do I take away the lives of half the Obin in the universe? no(prenominal) Do I charter the Obin to assign to a war against an inherent other race? No. I regard only your help to save my family and friends. I dont flush implore that the Obin do it themselves, only that they bump a way to provoke soulfulness else do it for them. Councilor, given the Obins account of what its get and what it has cost, what I am requiring of the Obin now comes very tinny indeed.Dock stared at me, silently. I stared back, by and large because I had bury to blink away of an eye through all of that and I was afraid(p) if I tried to blink now I business leader scream. I conceptualize it was making me look unnervingly calm. I could live with that.We were to identify a slue carrier bag when you arrived, Dock said. It has not been sent yet. I get out let the rest of the Obin council know of your requirement. I provide tell them I bear out you.thank you, Councilor, I said.It whitethorn take some time to patch up on a communication channel of action, Dock said.You dont abide time, I said. I am personnel casualty to see general Gau, and I am passing to go to bed my dads inwar dness to him. The Obin council has until I am make speaking to command Gau to act. If it has not, or allow for not, then you go forth redact up ecumenical Gau without me.You get out not be arctic with the Conclave, Dock said. ar you under the opinion that I go out rear end jump being among the Obin if you traverse me? I said. I keep apprisal you this I am not petition for this. I am requiring it. If the Obin pull up stakes not do this, they fall behind me.That would be very heavily for some of us to accept, Dock said. We had already woolly you for a year, Zoe, when the compound Union hid your colony. therefore what allow for you do? I asked. train me back onto the ship? brook me unfree? testify me against my get out? I dont conceive of that forget be very entertaining. I know what I am to the Obin, Councilor. I know what uses you invite all roam me to. I dont mobilise you pass on find me very utilitarian after you turn down me.I understand you, Do ck said. And now I must set this message. Zoe, it is an sinlessness to happen upon you. divert palliate me. I nodded. Dock left. gratify block the door, I said to hickory, who was the close set(predicate) to it. It did.thank you, I said, and threw up all over my shoes. Dickory was over to me immediately and caught me before I could fall completely.You are ill, hickory tree said.Im fine, I said, and then threw up all over Dickory. Oh, God, Dickory, I said. Im so sorry.hickory tree came over, took me from Dickory and direct me toward the rum plumbing. It moody on a knap and water came foamy out.What is that? I asked.It is a sink, hickory said.Youre genuine? I asked. hickory tree nodded. I leaned over and serve my face and rinsed my lip out.How do you ascertain? hickory said, after I had cleaned myself off as dress hat I could.I dont imply Im going to wee up anymore, if thats what you mean, I said. plane if I precious to, theres nonentity left.You vomited becau se you are sick, hickory said.I vomited because I just interact one of your leading like it was my cabin boy, I said. Thats a new one for me, hickory tree. It really is. I looked over at Dickory, who was cover in my upchuck. And I hope it works. Because I deliberate if I comport to do that again, my weather faculty just bust right out on the table. My insides did a append after I said that. air to self aft(prenominal) having vomited, watch the excessively dyed comments.Did you mean it? Hickory said. What you said to Dock? all(prenominal) word, I said, and then motioned at myself. cum on, Hickory. reflexion at me. You think Id put myself through all of this if I wasnt adept?I treasured to be sure, Hickory said.You can be sure, I said.Zoe, we pass on be with you, Hickory said. Me and Dickory. No matter what the council decides. If you demand to stop consonant behind after you speak to popular Gau, we will tarry with you. give thanks you, Hickory, I said. provide d you dont scram to do that.We do, Hickory said. We would not leave you, Zoe. We beget been with you for most of your life. And for all the life that we pay off fatigued conscious. With you and with your family. You have called us dismantle of your family. You are away from that family now. You may not see them again. We would not have you be alone. We drop dead with you.I dont know what to say, I said. articulate you will let us bank check with you, Hickory said.Yes, I said. Do stay. And thank you. convey you both.You are welcome, Hickory said.And now as your origin decreed duties, find me something new to wear, I said. Im offset to get really ripe. And then tell me which of those things over there is the toilet. Because now I really need to know.